Spot & Seam Welding Lasers 0.25 – 150 W

An YAG laser is a laser in which the active gain medium is neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:YAG). Nd:YAG lasers are optically pumped using either a flashlamp or laser diode array. They are one of the most common solid-state laser types and are used in a wide range of industrial applications. Capable of conduction, conduction/penetration, and keyhole weld modes, Nd:YAG laser welders join steels, nickel alloys, titanium, aluminum, and copper in applications such as automotive components and squib wire assemblies.

automotive industry, squib wire, air bag detonator

Nd:YAG lasers typically emit light at a wavelength of 1064 nm, and can be frequency doubled to 532 nm (green) for specific applications.

Nd:YAG laser welding systems use this focused laser energy to join materials with precision and controlled heat input.

How Nd:YAG Laser Welding Works

Laser welding is a non-contact process that requires access to the weld zone from only one side of the parts being joined. The weld is formed as intense laser light rapidly heats the material, typically within milliseconds, creating localized fusion at the joint.

Because energy delivery is highly controlled and concentrated, Nd:YAG laser welding enables precise weld formation with minimal overall heat input to the surrounding material.

Types of Welds Produced

Nd:YAG laser welders can achieve three primary weld modes:

Conduction Welds

  • Performed at low energy
  • Produce wide, shallow weld nuggets

Conduction/Penetration Welds

  • Use medium energy density
  • Result in deeper weld nuggets

Penetration (Keyhole) Welds

  • Created by direct energy delivery into the material
  • Produce deep, narrow weld nuggets

The selected weld mode depends on material type, joint design, and application requirements.

Materials and Joint Considerations

Because laser welding is non-contact, a wide range of joint geometries can be welded. The most significant requirement for successful laser welding is close fit-up at the joint interface.

Nd:YAG laser welders can join:

  • Steels
  • Nickel alloys
  • Titanium
  • Aluminum
  • Copper

As with other joining technologies, certain materials may present challenges depending on:

  • Reflectivity
  • Effects of high thermal cycling
  • Vaporization of volatile alloying elements

Typical Applications

Nd:YAG laser welding is used in applications requiring precision joining and controlled energy delivery, including:

  • Automotive industry components
  • Squib wire welding
  • Air bag detonator assemblies

These applications benefit from the ability to produce consistent welds with rapid energy input and localized heating.

Nd:YAG

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